FB2 → PDF

What is FB2?

FB2 (FictionBook 2) is an open XML-based e-book format that is very popular in Russian-speaking regions. Body text, metadata and illustrations all live in one XML file, with images usually embedded as Base64, so a single .fb2 is a complete book that is easy to distribute. It has clean structure and carries chapters and author data natively; the drawbacks are larger size (Base64 inflates images by roughly a third) and less reader support outside Russian-language markets.

What is PDF?

PDF is Adobe's fixed-layout document format. It records what to draw at which coordinate on a page rather than which paragraph a sentence belongs to. The layout is therefore identical everywhere, which suits contracts, papers and scans. The cost is that PDF is inherently hostile to reflow: line breaks are usually visual, extracted text often carries hard returns and scrambled column order, and scanned PDFs contain images only, with no text layer at all.

What to watch out for when converting FB2 to PDF

Extracting from the source

FB2 is a single XML file with Base64-embedded images. Parsing must handle the XML namespace and <binary> nodes; ignoring them silently drops every image. Base64 also makes the file roughly a third larger than an equivalent EPUB.

Writing the target format

Producing PDF freezes the content: once generated it cannot reflow, so readers cannot change font size or line width and long text is painful on small screens. For extended reading PDF is usually the wrong target — it suits printing, archiving and layout-critical delivery.

Where the two formats interact

• Reflow is lost: the target freezes the layout, so readers can no longer change font size or line width. Long novels become zoom-and-pan on small screens — the most common reason a conversion ends up harder to read. Unless you need print or layout-critical delivery, keep a reflowable copy for reading.
• The source carries real navigation while the target has no concept of chapters, so reading becomes one long scroll. If navigation still matters, keep explicit, uniformly formatted chapter heading lines in the output.

Post-conversion checklist

1. Convert the first three chapters as a trial and check for lost text, interleaved lines or misplaced blocks before doing the whole book.
2. Jump to five random spots and search a character name to confirm the text is fully searchable.
3. Confirm illustration count and placement — check that images are not all dumped at the end of a chapter.
4. Fill in title, author and language — a wrong language tag breaks typesetting such as Chinese line breaking.
5. Check margins and that the Chinese font is embedded, otherwise it renders as boxes on another machine.

Converting novels: what is different

Fiction is the most common and the most peculiar kind of e-book: hundreds or thousands of chapters, almost no figures, often nothing but a TXT source, and Chinese sources that frequently carry anti-piracy garbling. These are the points that bite hardest.

• The target has no notion of a table of contents, and not being able to jump to a chapter is the worst part of reading something long. If you will keep reading it, keep a navigable copy as well (EPUB or Kindle) and treat this one as the distribution or archive copy.
• Once a long novel is in a fixed layout, reading on a phone means zooming and panning. Fiction is the worst fit for fixed layout of any genre: almost no figures, all continuous text. Unless you are printing or submitting it, prefer a reflowable format for novels.
• Volume markers ("Volume One", "Volume Two") usually degrade to ordinary headings, losing the volume/chapter hierarchy. If that matters, promote volume headings one level in an editor afterwards so they are not siblings of chapter titles.

Tools for converting FB2 to PDF

Any of the tools below can handle this direction; pick one by your operating system and how many files you have. Read the previous section first — doing the steps out of order (converting a scanned file before running OCR, for instance) usually means starting over.

Common questions

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